Semax

Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide with the sequence Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro. It was developed at the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Moscow State University in the 1980s. Its structure is based on the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) fragment ACTH(4-10), with modifications intended to alter its stability and activity.

ACTH is a peptide hormone, but research beginning in the 1970s suggested that certain N-terminal fragments possess properties that affect the central nervous system, independent of adrenal stimulation. Studies in animal models from that time indicated that ACTH fragments could influence learning and memory, suggesting direct CNS action.

In various research models, Semax has been observed to act through multiple mechanisms involving neurotransmitter systems, neurotrophic factor expression, and gene expression.

BDNF Upregulation

BDNF binds to TrkB receptors, activating intracellular signaling cascades, including the MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt, and PLCγ pathways. These pathways are involved in neuronal survival, dendritic growth, and synaptic plasticity.

Neurotransmitter Modulation

Semax has been reported to modulate several neurotransmitter systems. Studies suggest it can influence dopaminergic neurotransmission in regions like the striatum and prefrontal cortex. Research has also indicated effects on serotonergic systems and cholinergic systems, with some studies reporting effects on acetylcholine synthesis and release.

Neuroprotective Pathways

Transcriptomic studies have suggested that Semax can modulate the expression of a wide range of genes involved in processes like neuroplasticity, cellular stress response, immune function, and vascular function.

Published nonclinical literature relevant to this material's molecular targets and experimental models is listed below for independent review. Findings involving other preparations or experimental systems should not be attributed to this research material.

This material is supplied solely for in vitro and other nonclinical laboratory research. It is not for human or veterinary use, consumption, administration, therapeutic use, or diagnostic use.

Laboratory Handling

Handle only in an appropriately equipped laboratory using applicable institutional procedures, personal protective equipment, and the storage conditions shown for the material. The purchaser is responsible for study design, handling controls, disposal, and regulatory compliance.

Research Limitations

Published observations involving other preparations, experimental systems, or study populations do not establish the identity, performance, or suitability of this research material for any particular experiment.