ACE-031

This material is provided for controlled laboratory research and analytical characterization only.

ACE-031 functions as a competitive inhibitor of multiple negative regulators of muscle mass. Its soluble ActRIIB domain has a high binding affinity for myostatin (GDF-8), a primary negative regulator of muscle growth. By binding myostatin in circulation, ACE-031 prevents the activation of ActRIIB receptors on muscle cell surfaces and the subsequent SMAD2/3 signaling pathways that inhibit muscle protein synthesis. The molecule also binds other TGF-β family members, including GDF-11 and activin A. The inhibition of myostatin signaling has been observed to increase the activation and proliferation of satellite cells. Downstream, this action leads to increased activity in the mTOR and Akt/PKB pathways and reduced expression of the muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases atrogin-1 and MuRF1. The net result is a shift toward anabolism, leading to increases in muscle fiber size (hypertrophy) and potential increases in muscle fiber number (hyperplasia). The Fc domain extends the molecule's circulatory half-life by enabling it to bind to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), which protects it from degradation.

Published nonclinical literature relevant to this material's molecular targets and experimental models is listed below for independent review. Findings involving other preparations or experimental systems should not be attributed to this research material.

This material is supplied solely for in vitro and other nonclinical laboratory research. It is not for human or veterinary use, consumption, administration, therapeutic use, or diagnostic use.

Laboratory Handling

Handle only in an appropriately equipped laboratory using applicable institutional procedures, personal protective equipment, and the storage conditions shown for the material. The purchaser is responsible for study design, handling controls, disposal, and regulatory compliance.

Research Limitations

Published observations involving other preparations, experimental systems, or study populations do not establish the identity, performance, or suitability of this research material for any particular experiment.